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DNS propagation is the time it takes for DNS changes to update across servers worldwide. When you update records like A, MX, TXT or CNAME, not all servers see the change instantly.
It typically takes a few minutes to 48 hours depending on TTL settings and DNS provider caching.
Different DNS resolvers cache records independently, which is why users in different countries may see different results temporarily.
Why do DNS changes not show instantly?
Because DNS servers cache old records for performance reasons.
Can DNS propagate instantly?
Sometimes yes, but usually depends on TTL and ISP caching.
Is DNS propagation the same worldwide?
No — it varies by location and resolver.